VISIT

The cave was known for its paleontological and paleoanthropological of findings since 1960, after the accidental discovery in that the resident Petralona H. Sarrigianidi, the famous fossilized human skull. The value of finding unique and gave rise to a series of tasks inside and outside the cave. In 1968 and the period 1974-1988 were carried out excavations in the cave by the (old) Paulianos Martian anthropologist.

The publications Poulianos to the cave talk of stone and bone tools, but the temporary nature of the publications did not give us a clear image. These findings are certainly numbers and are the first evidence of occupation of the Greek geographical area.

From the anthropological point of view the fossilized skull is very important finding, but there is no consensus of experts for dating and evaluation. The main views diverge significantly and the skull is considered as belonging to a man who lived some 700,000 years ago during one about 200,000 years ago during another.

Unfortunately it appears a settlement or a prescribed approach between experts and finding untapped archaeological and anthropological. It is imperative to give a reliable answer for the evaluation of important finds in the cave of Petralona.

Olynthus, son of Heracles, was considered the mythological founder of the town. The South Hill bore a small Neolithic settlement; was abandoned during the Bronze Age; and was resettled in the seventh century BC. Subsequently, the town was captured by the Bottiaeans, a Thracian tribe ejected from Macedon by Alexander I. The town of Olynthus remained in their possession until 479 BC.

In that year the Persian general Artabazus, on his return from escorting Xerxes to the Hellespont, suspecting that a revolt from the Great King was meditated, handed the town over to Kritovoulos from Toroni and to a fresh population consisting of Greeks from the neighboring region of Chalcidice (Herod. viii. 127).

Though Herodotus reports that Artabazus slaughtered them, Boetiaeans continued to live in the area.In 432 King Perdiccas II of Macedon encouraged several nearby coastal towns to disband and remove their population to Olynthus, preparatory to a revolt to be led by Potidaea against Athens .

Twenty monasteries of the Athos peninsula, a complex buildings, which were built and developed in the center of the Catholic, the main temple. The outer bands are surrounded by protective walls, a fort-like buildings built around and defense towers in order to cope with various difficult situations. Catholic Near the core of monastic life and in the middle of the courtyard, are often the steeple, and the bank. The latter is accompanied by the kitchen, the magkipeio and other auxiliary spaces. The perimeter buildings have wings or Kordas housed the monks’ cells, the guest quarters for the accommodation of pilgrims, the abbey and the synodical Also, nursing home, hospital and library. In a highly protected area, once the tower is the icon and the Vestry, where images are stored, utensils, artifacts and archives. In the ground floor and basement of the wings have the receptacle and mount the oilhouse the winery  the vagenario the waxhouse etc. Outside the precincts of the monastery are still the church cemetery, the winery t, the mill, the machine shop, carpentry, etc. The arsenal that is the dry dock of the monastery is often sheltered bay and a tower, accompanied by fisherhouses, lumber yard and other auxiliary buildings. The twenty monasteries on Mount Athos in their hierarchical order are:

* Great Lavra
* Vatopedi
* Iberians
* Chilandari
* Dionysius
* Koutloumousiou
* Almighty
* Xeropotamou
* Campus
* Docheiariou
* Karakalou
* Philotheou
* Simon Stone
* St. Paul
* Stavronikita
* Xenophon
* St. Gregory
* Esphigmenou
* St. Panteleimon
* Konstamonitou